Laser wire stripping is the process of removing all or part of the insulating material that covers electrical cables. In other words, it is the process used to uncover the metal core of the cables. It is typically done at the cable’s ends to make connections possible, but it can also be done in various ways along the cable.

Laser stripping’s main feature is that the laser selectively intervenes on the insulating material without affecting the cable’s metal core. This is a significant advantage over traditional stripping techniques. The high quality and precision of the laser striping process has made it a widely used technique in high-tech sectors.

Not surprisingly, the idea of ​​using lasers to remove the insulating layer of electrical cables was born in the aerospace sector. In the 1970s, NASA needed to find a solution to strip the thin Space Shuttle cables. The stripping tools used at the time did not guarantee the quality and precision necessary for an application of that type.

Traditional wire stripping methods and their drawbacks

The first is the mechanical method, which is the most widespread. In this process, blades are used to cut the electrical cables’ sheathing.

This method has many drawbacks:

• to achieve accurate results, the process becomes extremely slow
• each type of cable requires a dedicated tool
• the tools require maintenance to remain effective

The risk of damage, for example notching the cable, is one of the main risks of this technique. To solve this problem, manufacturers have produced oversized cables, so that any loss of metal would not reduce the functionality of the cable.

While this may be a solution for low-tech industries, oversizing cables is not a suitable solution for others.

In the aerospace sector, for example, weight containment is essential. Cables are designed to be very thin so that they weigh as little as possible. This means that any damage to the cable could cause it to malfunction and lead to accidents.

In addition to the mechanical method, peeling can be performed with a chemical or a thermal process.

The chemical process uses corrosive substances such as sulfuric acid to dissolve the cable coating and expose the conductive material. The disadvantage of this technique is that it is not easily controlled and is also polluting.

The thermal process uses a heat source to remove the coating. This method, however, can leave residual coating material on the metal core which would therefore have to be subjected to further processing.

Laser stripping overcomes all the previously mentioned drawbacks. It is therefore not surprising that it has established itself as the method of choice for high-tech applications.

Why laser stripping works

In most cases, the material that coats electrical cables is some kind of plastic polymer while the internal core is made of metal, very often copper. Laser technology has the ability to select only the coating’s polymers without modifying the conductor in any way.

This behaviour can be explained by the way laser radiation interacts differently with different materials.

CO2 laser emits radiation at a wavelength of 10.6 micrometers, that is, in the far infrared [far-IR] region. Polymers absorb this radiation very well while copper reflects it almost completely, without undergoing alterations.

The advantages of laser stripping

Laser stripping offers several advantages over traditional methods:

• flexibility: it is effective on almost all polymeric materials with which electrical cables are coated
• precision: it is a non-contact process, which makes it able to work on very tight tolerances and to carry out processes that would be impossible with traditional methods
• effectiveness: since laser is reflected by most metals, the process ends with the removal of the polymer without requiring any further processing

What are the different types of laser stripping

In laser stripping, the laser can perform 3 basic operations:

• laser cross cutting: the cut is carried out transversely to the cable in order to allow the removal of excess material
• laser slitting: the cut is made lengthwise. Typically this process is performed when a longer portion of cable needs to be removed and is used in conjunction with the cross cut
• laser ablation: the laser passes over the surface several times until the coating is completely eliminated. This technique is mainly used when the conductive material is immersed in the coating (otherwise known as bonded wire).

Alongside these basic operations, laser technology makes it possible to perform advanced processes such as the partial and targeted removal of the coating with the creation of windows or the removal following certain patterns. All these applications can’t be done with traditional mechanical methods.

As is often the case with lasers, the possibilities are endless.

How a laser stripping system is made

A laser cable stripping system can be implemented in various ways and with various technologies.

The most effective is certainly galvo-scanning. In this application, a scanning head is used to move the laser beam and then focus it on the work surface.

The whole system is controlled by a computer which coordinates the operation of the CO2 laser source allowing the laser to follow the pre-defined cutting path.

Implement your own laser wire stripping

Laser cable stripping lends itself to many applications. It is ideal for high-tech sectors that require great precision during the processing phase. One of the applications, for instance, is magnet wire stripping with laser.

Don’t hesitate to contact us. Our staff would be happy to advise you on the best laser solution for your needs.

Laser die cutting of labels is a digital converting process. In this application, the laser die cutter replaces mechanical dies in the execution of processes such as the cutting or trimming of label templates.

The use of laser technology is particularly advantageous. On the one hand, it overcomes the typical disadvantages of mechanical die cuts. On the other hand, it allows the same processes to be performed with a flexibility and precision impossible to achieve with diecuts.

In this respect, the laser die cutting process clearly shows the advantages of using lasers for labeling and packaging applications.

How the label production process works

The production of self-adhesive labels is one of the most traditional papermaking operations.

Typically, the label production process takes place in 3 steps:

• printing of the label on the master sheet
• engraving of the label template
• cutting of the label template

The die cutter is used for the operations of engraving the label and cutting it out from the master sheet to isolate the label from the sheet itself.

This processing technique has several disadvantages:

• in order to obtain new shapes to cut, manufacturers must create a new die cutter
• the mechanical properties of the tool do not allow complex shapes to be cut
• the cutting tool wears out quickly and needs maintenance to work efficiently

Given those features, a mechanical production system is only efficient if it can guarantee high production volumes. However, the market today rewards companies that are able to offer innovative, customised production processes that can support numerous orders with small production volumes. And from this point of view, a laser cutting machine is the optimal production tool.

Laser processing of labels

Laser die-cutting is based on an ablation process. The operation is carried out by a laser machine. The beam laser power, focused on the material, removes a portion of material through a chemical process called sublimation. By means of devices such as galvo laser head, it is possible to move the laser beam along a determined path. Digital control also makes it possible to precisely calibrate the instrument according to the desired type of processing. The operation is carried out at high speed.

There are two possible operations: laser kiss-cutting and laser cutting. Both are laser cutting processes, but differ in how deep they cut the material.

Laser kiss-cutting and laser cutting

Laser kiss-cutting consists of cutting the surface layer of a multilayer material. Adhesive labels are printed on master sheets. These sheets typically consist of two layers: a top layer on which the graphics are printed and a backing layer, onto which the adhesive is glued. In laser kiss-cutting, the laser engraves only the surface, freeing the adhesive template from the backing matrix.

In laser cutting, the beam passes through all the layers of material, freeing the adhesive from the matrix and reducing it to a unit.

The advantages of laser label die cutting

Laser finishing offer numerous advantages:

• the cutting path can be modified by simply loading a new file into the system
• the absence of mechanical contact allows particularly complex cutting paths to be followed
• laser cutters does not wear out and requires minimal maintenance

For a company using a digital laser die, it becomes possible to manage production in an innovative way. It can now make prototypes for the customer, start small volume production runs and accept numerous orders that wouldn’t be sustainable with traditional production methods. It is a true paradigm shift in the way we conceive production.

There is yet another advantage. In the digital converting industry, and particularly in paper converting, CO2 lasers are almost exclusively used. These laser systems are known to interact very efficiently with paper materials. This characteristic, coupled with the reduced production of processing waste, makes the laser an eco-friendly production tool.

Contact us

El.En. has developed numerous digital converting applications over the years. Contact us to find the application that best suits your needs.

Microperforation is a laser process that consists in creating micro holes on a sheet of raw material. Microperforation makes it possible to precisely choose the size, depth and quantity of holes per square centimeter. The flexibility of this technique makes it easy for the operator to change the processing characteristics according to the intended final use of the piece.

There are many examples of this processing technique from various sectors:

• the paper industry where microperforation is used to create security paper, i.e. paper products with special features to make counterfeiting very difficult
• the industry of fabrics and leathers, microperforation can be used to add decorative elements but also to improve the breathability of materials
• a similar application is in the automotive sector, where for example, microperforation is used in the finishing of leather for the internal lining of cars
• the packaging sector, microperforation is widely used. It is used to microperforate the plastic film used for packaging in modified atmosphere because the size and density of the holes can be adjusted with great precision
• Finally, a last example comes from the field of soundproofing. Sound absorbing tiles that perfectly muffle a specific type of frequency, are made with laser microperforation

The advantages of laser microperforation

Microperforation has several advantages over traditional applications. Here are two:

• Precision. Laser can perfectly calibrate the density, number, size and internal shape of the holes. Microperforation therefore allows you to create processes perfectly suited to the intended use of the product
• Flexibility. Different materials can be processed using the same laser source. CO2 laser sources are unbeatable for their flexibility of use

What materials can be processed with laser microperforation?

CO2 laser microperforation works best on flexible natural and synthetic materials. Some of them include:

• thermoplastic polymers, materials such as PMMA, polyethylene, PP and PET are among those most used in the packaging sector and suitable for this type of processing
• leather and hides
• fabrics made from natural and synthetic fiber
• paper and cardboard

Which laser source to choose to execute laser microperforation?

There are many factors to take into consideration when choosing the right laser source for microperforation.

One must consider the material being processed as well as the desired production outcome and process speed. Based on these elements, it is possible to establish the best wavelength and the power to use to get the job done.

Although finding the laser solution that best suits your needs may seem impossible, don’t worry, our experts have extensive experience on the field and will be able to help you find the laser system that’s right for you. Contact us for more information!

Let’s continue our journey of discovery of the different CO2 laser applications for the packaging industry. In the past articles, we’ve already described how laser micro-perforation can drill accurate holes on plastic film to create packages suitable to preserve fresh food. Laser micro-perforation applications, unlike traditional mechanical micro perforation applications, offer speed, flexibility, and extreme accuracy.

In order to improve the shelf life of products, it is often necessary to continuously control gas exchanges between the interior and the exterior of a plastic bag. Laser micro-perforation allows us to tightly control these gas transmissions, allowing us to easily package fresh products as well as preserve their quality.

It is no coincidence that the CO2 laser has seen a broad application in this field. The packaging industry knows very strict production rules and specifications. Packaging must not only guarantee the quality of the product, but must also meet requirements in terms of mechanical strength, packaging hygiene, and food safety. Besides that, all requirements also have to be reconciled with an aesthetic appearance. Poor packaging could reduce the perceived quality of the product, and is thus a crucial factor in influencing consumer buying behavior.

In this article we’re going to describe another application of the CO2 laser: we will talk about sealing plastic food bags.

Conventional methods to seal plastic food bags

Why is the CO2 laser an innovative process for the sealing of food bags? To get an answer to this question we have to briefly discuss the traditional methods used to seal plastic food bags.

Traditionally the sealing of plastic food bags is a welding process achieved through the application of heat and pressure. In this process, two sheets of plastic film are joined and welded together. This process is mostly mechanical, meaning that parts of the machine have to be changed every time a different packaging process is executed, in order to meet the packaging needs of diverse products. Traditional machines are heavy, due to their working parts that need to be fastened securely.

A production line of this kind is not flexible, while food manufacturers may need to apply different packaging techniques within the same production cycle. This would mean that the manufacturers have to the change machine parts or perform other maintenance operations, which results in lower productivity.

Laser hermetic sealing plastic food bags

The process of laser sealing of plastic bags is part of the hermetic welding process of thermoplastics. The most commonly used bags in the packaging industry are transparent and made of polypropylene or polyethylene.

These materials absorb the 10.6 μ wavelength of the CO2 laser very well. The laser beam reaches the surface of the material to be welded thanks to a scanning head. Subsequently, the laser heats up the surface so as to reach the melting temperature of the material, allowing it to weld the two plastic films together.

The entire process is incredibly fast: the speed achieved with this welding method to hermetically seal plastic bags allow to seal dozens of pieces per minute.

What are the advantages of hermetic laser sealing?

The advantages of using a laser sealing system to hermetically seal plastic food bags are endless:

• You can change the shape and size of the packaging material to be sealed without the need for long breaks in the production flow. It is not necessary to create custom-made parts since the laser can be applied to any type of container and to any type of machining even within the same production cycle.
• The sealing can even be carried out on very thin plastic films without risking any damage to the material. This allows extremely accurate machining operations and reduces the amount of material used, and thus reduces industrial waste.
• The CO2 laser is compact in size and light in weight since mechanical parts or other bulky mechanisms are not required. The laser system thus fits well into production facilities with confined spaces.
• Like any other laser process, the welding of plastic bags is a non-contact process. This means, among other things, that it is aseptic, and thus perfect for the packaging of food products.

Required components for a laser system setup

You may ask yourself right now which components are required for a laser system set-up. It is difficult to define in detail the diverse components or elements that will be part of the system. Each customer has its own needs in terms of power, production speed, material to be treated, etc. However, it is possible to define the following three basic elements of a similar system.

CO2 Laser source

The CO2 Laser source generates the laser beam that will work your materials. El.En. CO2 laser sources are available in different output powers, ranging from 150W to 1200W.

Laser scanning head

The laser scanning head is a device that “moves” the laser beam while keeping it perfectly focused on the point that needs to be worked. El.En.’s scanning head executes this process at very high-speed thanks to the beryllium mirrors mounted on galvanometric motors.

Control Software

The advantage of laser processing is that the entire process is controlled digitally. Through the software, you can control all relevant machining parameters and perform on-the-fly changes without interrupting the process workflow.

Abrasives, part of a family of materials characterised by their great hardness, are used for processes such as polishing or the sanding of surfaces. They are available in a wide variety of shapes and types and lend themselves to a multitude of processes.

These materials can be moulded into a large number of shapes: discs, brushes, wheels, cutters, grinding wheels. However, traditional abrasive processing methods have limitations that can be overcome with laser processing.

In this article we will look at the 6 advantages of using laser technology in the manufacturing process of abrasive products.

1. Laser is a non-contact process

The main problem in the manufacturing of abrasives is that the abrasive action is also exerted on the tool itself. Let us take flexible abrasives as an example. In this category of abrasives, the abrasive substance is sprinkled on a backing, which is normally made of paper or a polymer material. In order to obtain the desired shapes, such as a rotating disc or wheel, tools such as dies are used, i.e. a mechanical method that uses contact between parts to separate an element from the die into the desired shape.

Operations such as die cutting of abrasive materials, however, have a drawback. The abrasive action is also exerted on the cutting tools. Blades, dies and cutters quickly get worn out and must be replaced frequently to maintain high machining quality. This increases machining costs, which consequently increases the cost of the final product.

Laser cutting of abrasive materials overcomes this disadvantage. It is characterised by a total absence of contact. The laser beam interacts remotely with the surface of the material in a non-mechanical process that avoids the problem of continuous wear of the machining tools.

2. Laser is a versatile tool

A major disadvantage of traditional machining methods is also their lack of flexibility. For example, a die made to create a specific shape can only be used to create that specific shape. To make differently shaped parts, it is necessary to create new diecuts, provided that the investment required to create them is justified by a profitable return.

Similarly, only one machining operation can be performed with traditional machining tools. A die-cutting tool can only perform one machining operation. A cutting tool can only perform cutting. To perform different machining operations, one must change the machining tool. If a manufacturer wanted to apply information to an abrasive disc such as grit size or a serial number, he would have to insert the part into a dedicated machine, such as a printing machine.

Laser systems, on the other hand, allow several machining operations to be performed in a single session. With the same system, flexible discs can be cut from a die, cuts and perforations can be made and surface information on a material can be added through laser marking. In addition, the use of lasers allows the shape or size of the piece being manufactured to be changed in real time, without any additional aids. It is precisely its high flexibility that makes the laser the trump card for this type of application.

Laser offers a true change in the very way production is understood. It gives manufacturers the possibility of enormously expanding their commercial offerings. It becomes possible to create prototypes, just-in-time production, or series of small parts for high-value customers.

3. Laser is a precise tool

Abrasives are used in many different industries. Each of them requires specific processes, and, therefore, abrasive tools that are shaped differently. This means that there are more or less specialised tools: from simple sandpaper, sold in rolls and used by carpenters and craftsmen, to customised rotating discs for high-precision machining.

However, mechanical machining tools have a tolerance limit beyond which they cannot go. The size of the machining tools, their design, and the need to avoid unwanted contact limit the complexity of the machining that can be performed.

Laser, on the other hand, allows very tight tolerances. Since there is no contact between the parts, the tool can follow intricate cutting paths, create microscopic perforations and special shapes, make surface cuts and other machining operations that would be impossible with mechanical cutting tools.

4. Laser reduces machining waste

With traditional machining tools, processing is performed by the mechanical removal of material. The process tends to produce machining waste, dust and other residues that must be managed in some way, with a variable economic and environmental cost.

Laser machining processes, on the other hand, tend not to produce waste. Material removal occurs through sublimation. The very high energy density produced by the laser on the surface allows the temperature of the material to rise, instantly vaporising it as a result of a transformation of the material state.

5. Laser respects materials

Mechanical machining processes present a risk of damage to products due to accidental contact or excessive mechanical contact. Any deformation lowers the quality of the final product.

In laser processing, there is no risk of damage from mechanical contact. Laser processing respects all materials, even the most delicate ones. They guarantee a higher quality of the finished part and are therefore ideal for the sectors in which the degree of error must be kept down to a minimum.

6. Laser is an environmentally friendly process

Laser processing offers high energy efficiency. All things being equal, laser performs the processing with much lower energy expenditure than mechanical processing. This, combined with the absence of waste, makes the laser one of the most environmentally friendly processing tools available to manufacturers.

Contact us

Laser is a cost-effective tool for the manufacturing of abrasive materials. Because the possible applications are numerous, seeking the advice of an expert can help you find the most suitable processing system for your application. El.En. CO2 laser systems are ideal for the manufacturing of abrasive materials. Contact us for more information.

Plastic processing was one of the sectors in which the introduction of the CO₂ laser was immediately appreciated. Laser has made it possible to carry out faster, more precise and less wasteful processes.

Flexibility has been the watchword that made new methods possible andopened up new areas of application for plastic processing.

The word “plastic” is quite inaccurate: it covers a large number of materials which have very different behaviors, mechanical characteristics, workability and possible applications.

Cutting, drilling and marking are the main processes that can be carried out with CO₂ laser. Plastic objects are cut by gradually removing the material until the laser beam penetrates through its entire thickness.

Some plastics lend themselves more to cutting than others. The best results with laser are obtained with acrylic (PMMA) and polypropylene (PP). On these plastics, the cut comes out with smooth, shiny edges and without any scorch marks.

CO₂ laser marking for plastic is based on the same principle as laser cuts; though in this case, the beam only removes a surface layer, leaving an indelible mark.

In theory, laser can mark any type of logo, code or figure on plastic, but in reality, the possible applications depend on the material used. Some materials respond better to cutting operations, while others are more suitable for marking.

But what does this great variability of behavior between one plastic and another depend on? The difference lies in the different disposition of the monomers, the repetitive molecular units within the polymer. Variations in temperature have an effect on the material properties and behaviour.

In fact, all plastics are processed with the use of heat. Depending on how they respond to it, plastics fall into two categories: thermosets and thermoplastics.

Examples of thermosetting polymers are:

• polyimide
• polyurethane
• bakelite

The main thermoplastic polymers are:

• polyethylene
• polystyrene
• polypropylene
• polyacrylic
• polyamide
• nylon
• ABS

Thermoplastic polymers, up to a certain threshold (called glass transition temperature), behave like a crystalline solid. Beyond this temperature they first transition to a rubbery state and then finally melt. These polymers are made up of linear chains, which explains why they can be melted and easily molded at certain temperatures.

Thermosetting polymers on the other hand, stiffen as the temperature increases until they reach melting point, beyond which a change of state occurs. Cross-linking within the macromolecule, makes them less susceptible to temperature differences.

Because of these substantial differences, not all plastics respond well to laser. In general, thermoplastics lend themselves better to laser processing, but even thermosets can, to some extent, be subjected to laser processing.

In the following tables we have summarized the result of the interaction between the various polymers and the laser.

As you can see, the results vary widely. A case by case analysis is recommended to understand which application works best. Plus, more plastics can undergo laser cutting: teflon (PTFE) is on of those.

How to choose the right laser system for plastic

The introduction of laser in plastic processing has paved the way for new applications. Laser processing of plastic is very convenient. Most commonly used polymers are perfectly compatible with the CO₂ laser.

But choosing the most suitable laser system is not easy. The variables to take into consideration are many: the type of application, the type of material, and the production needs.

El. En. has produced laser systems for plastic processing for over 35 years. If you have an application in mind and aren’t sure how to make it, contact us. We will be more than happy to help you.